I had such a great time at SQL Saturday Indianapolis. The entire event was top notch. Everyone was friendly and almost everything ran smoothly.
As promised, I’ve uploaded two recordings which demonstrate how you can use a Biml framework to rapidly design and load a data warehouse.
Agile Data Warehouse and ETL Design with Biml
Business Intelligence Markup Language is literally changing the way we think about Data Warehouse design and ETL. In this interactive presentation you’ll see how you can rapidly iterate through the Data Warehouse Development Cycle and provide ROI almost immediately. Learn how you can use BimlScript to automatically create staging tables, SSIS Packages, and other necessary objects during the modeling process.
As an added bonus, I uploaded another recording on the topic. In the following video, I show you how to add new tables to the data warehouse load using the framework.
Adding Data Warehouse Dimension(s) using the Biml Framework
Hope you enjoy the videos. Feel free to ask questions below.
This is just a heads up that I’ll be presenting at SQL Saturday Indianapolis on August 17th. I can’t wait since this is my first time speaking there and I’ll be giving newly revised versions of two of my favorite presentations.
Agile Data Warehouse and ETL Design with Biml
Business Intelligence Markup Language is literally changing the way we think about Data Warehouse design and ETL. In this interactive presentation you’ll see how you can rapidly iterate through the Data Warehouse Development Cycle and provide ROI almost immediately. Learn how you can use BimlScript to automatically create staging tables, SSIS Packages, and other necessary objects during the modeling process.
All of the code used in this presentation can be downloaded by attendees, customized, and used in their environments.
Creating Your Own ETL Automation Framework with Biml for Beginners
You may have heard of Business Intelligence Markup Language or even tried to learn it. But how can you take the time to learn it, while getting the rest of your work done. In this highly interactive presentation, I’ll guide you through the process of learning/using Biml, without sacrificing your daily productivity. We’ll cover how to:
Identify “easy” ETL patterns to BimlScript
Take incremental steps in automating these processes
Move to metadata driven BimlScript
Tie it all together into a full-fledged framework
As a bonus, you’ll leave the presentation with a completed framework which dynamically generates most types of flat files that you can use in your own environment.
This is the final post of a series, Short Cuts to Biml Mastery which shows you how to learn BimlScript through a series of short cuts and remain productive while doing so. Our mission for this series was to quickly create many Flat File extracts from provided source queries using SQL Server Integration Services.
Make sure you read and understand the concepts in each of the following articles before tackling this one.
One of the primary issues I’ve mentioned in each of the preceding short cut steps is a lack of real automation. Since we didn’t have our metadata externalized, we needed to copy/paste some object, T-SQL file, Biml file, or Excel Spreadsheet in order to create new extracts.
In this framework, I’ve externalized the metadata in an Excel worksheet which looks like this:
Feed Name
Source Query
File Extension
First Row Column Names
Header Row Delimiter
Column Row Delimiter
Column Delimiter
Text Qualifier
Generate
OrderDetails
SELECT OrderID, ProductID, ProductName, UnitPrice, Quantity, Discount, ExtendedPrice FROM dbo.vwOrderDetails
csv
Y
LF
LF
Comma
"
Y
Orders
SELECT * FROM dbo.Orders
txt
N
CRLF
CRLF
Tab
~
Y
ProductDetails
SELECT CategoryName, ProductID, ProductName, QuantityPerUnit, UnitPrice, UnitsInStock FROM dbo.vwProductDetails
WHERE Discontinued = 0
ORDER BY CategoryName, ProductName;
meh
Y
CRLF
CRLF
VerticalBar
Y
Customers
Select * From dbo.Customers
csv
Y
CRLF
CRLF
Semicolon
"
Y
Suppliers
SELECT * FROM dbo.Suppliers
edf
N
CRLF
CRLF
Comma
*
Y
EmployeeDetails
SELECT E.EmployeeID, E.LastName, E.FirstName, E.Title, E.HireDate, E.City, E.PostalCode, E.Country, E.Extension, T.TerritoryDescription
FROM dbo.Employees E
JOIN dbo.EmployeeTerritories ET ON ET.EmployeeID=E.EmployeeID
JOIN dbo.Territories T ON T.TerritoryID=ET.TerritoryID;
csv
Y
CRLF
CRLF
Comma
"
Y
CustomerOrdersDetail
EXECUTE [dbo].[CustOrdersDetail] @OrderID = 11077
csv
Y
CRLF
CRLF
Comma
"
Y
The template is simple enough for most people to fill it out. All of the columns to the right of Source Query default to the original file specification we were given: comma-separated values (CSV) format, double quote text qualified.
Let’s Look at Code
This code is based on my previous example, so I won’t go into all the gory details. If you have code related questions, review the previous article for the specifics. Let’s start with the entire script, and then we’ll examine each section.
In the next section, we’ll declare a row number variable which keeps track of which row we are importing from the worksheet. Since this framework takes the provided queries and extracts the metadata from them, I need to define the source connection. I’ve also declared a Biml table variable, that we’ll use to store the FlatFileFormat column metadata.
int r; // Row Number
var srcConn = (AstDbConnectionNode)RootNode.Connections["connNorthwind" ];
Varigence.Languages.Biml.Table.AstTableNode feedMd;
The next section looks for the file(s) on disk, and then loops through any it finds, in this case just one.
<#
var xl = new Application();
string[] filePaths = Directory.GetFiles(userFolder, mdFileName, SearchOption.AllDirectories);
if (filePaths.Count() == 0) {
throw new Exception("No Import document found for: " + mdFileName ) ;
}
foreach (string fil in filePaths)
{
Workbook wb = null;
We then try to open the workbook and worksheet, and assign the first import row as 2.
Next we’ll store the Feed Name and Generate values from the 2nd row to variables. The while loop which follows adds the values for the specified row (r) of the spreadsheet to the DataTable defined above. After each loop, the row number is incremented. This causes the process to move down the spreadsheet until the first blank row is found, which stops the import process.
As I mentioned in previous articles, the challenging part of this framework is creating the FlatFileFormat, particularly the columns. To begin, we loop through each DataRow and import the metadata with a Try/Catch. The Catch warns you when your query doesn’t work.
Finally we have the Catch statement which corresponds to the original Try (opening the workbook). This is followed by the closing Biml tag and the GetCellValue method.
<#
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new Exception(ex.ToString());
}
}
#>
<#
xl.Quit();
#>
</Biml>
<#+
public string GetCellValue(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet ws, int column, int row)
{
var value = ((Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range)ws.Cells[row,column]).Value ;
return value == null ? string.Empty : value.ToString().Trim() ;
}
#>
Next Steps
In this series we’ve taken several optional shortcuts, each offered a way to learn and use Biml while still getting real work done. Now, we have a fully functioning framework which dynamically creates SSIS export packages based on metadata contained in a spreadsheet. Hopefully this series has inspired you to learn Biml, and create your own frameworks. Be sure to follow this blog because I’ll share more patterns in the near future.
*** Quick Update. I’ve been asked also present “SSIS Performance Tuning with BimlScript” this Saturday as well. Abstract is below.
One again, my my lovely wife Melissa and I will be giving Biml presentations.
She and I will be co-presenting the following:
The True Story of Learning Biml
How do you learn Biml when you don’t have years of SQL experience? Is Biml even worth my time and energy when I’m still working on perfecting my SSIS skills? It seems like a lot of work, what is in it for me? In this session you will learn:
Why Biml is worth your time and effort.
How to identify ideal SSIS packages for conversion.
How to convert those packages into Biml.
How to troubleshoot your Biml build errors when Google fails you.
How to automate SSIS package creation with BimlScript.
After that, I’m presenting completely new versions of the following presentations:
Agile Data Warehouse and ETL Design with Biml
Business Intelligence Markup Language is literally changing the way we think about Data Warehouse design and ETL. In this interactive presentation you’ll see how you can rapidly iterate through the Data Warehouse Development Cycle and provide ROI almost immediately. Learn how you can use BimlScript to automatically create staging tables, SSIS Packages, and other necessary objects during the modeling process.
All of the code used in this presentation can be downloaded by attendees, customized, and used in their environments.
You may heard that Biml can automate ETL loads, but what if your data warehouse is several terabytes with a tight load window. In this demo focused presentation, we’ll discuss how to use BimlScript to accomplish the following:
Dynamically create multiple SISS packages for a data warehouse ETL load, each following a different best practice design pattern.
Automatically execute each package multiple times and record the results for analysis.
Determine which package version should be used in production.
The only way to be sure that your SSIS packages are performing optimally is to test them against multiple patterns. Make your life easier and let BimlScript do the work for you.
This post is part of a series, Short Cuts to Biml Mastery which shows you how to learn BimlScript through a series of short cuts and remain productive while doing so.
It might surprise some of you that I use Excel extensively for Biml metadata. After all, I’ve ranted about the misuse of Excel in the past. Many of my clients prefer using it over other methods.
Why Use Excel?
Excel Spreadsheets as a metadata source have a lot going for them.
Everyone uses Excel and is comfortable with it.
Excel is incredibly customizable and versatile.
Excel offers data validation and filtering.
For these reasons, I create customized Excel spreadsheets that function as a lite Graphic User Interfaces (GUI) for metadata. Of course, Excel isn’t a perfect metadata source. For one thing, you have to own a licensed copy of Excel. Second, because spreadsheets are so easy to customize, users sometimes “improve” them further and break your code.
While there are other methods for C# importation of Excel spreadsheets, the method I’m going to demonstrate is my favorite. It utilizes the Microsoft Office Interop Assembly for Excel, and requires Excel to be installed on your local machine.
Why use the Interop Excel Assembly?
First, the assembly is extremely flexible. The pattern I’m demonstrating in this post is simple and involves importing from a single sheet. However, it is easy to adapt the process for multiple sheets in the same Excel workbook or to import multiple workbooks at once. In a future article, I’ll demonstrate how I create and load a data warehouse where each worksheet represents a dimension or fact table.
Second, it performs very well. I can import the metadata from 20+ sheets, which loads an entire data warehouse, in under a minute.
Show Me the Code
I’ve always found the easiest way to learn something is to review a working example. This example will read a single sheet from a workbook that contains connection metadata on a tab named “Connections.” The metadata is as follows:
Unlike previous articles, I’m going to share the entire code now and then discuss the individual pieces below.
<#@ import namespace="System.IO" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Data"#>
<#@ assembly name="Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel, Version=15.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=71e9bce111e9429c, processorArchitecture=MSIL"#>
<#@ import namespace="Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel" #>
<#
string userFolder = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.UserProfile);
userFolder = userFolder + @"\Dropbox\Blog\Biml\Import Metadata from Excel\";
string mdFileName = "Environment.xlsx";
int r; // Row Number
#>
<Biml xmlns="http://schemas.varigence.com/biml.xsd">
<#
var xl = new Application();
string[] filePaths = Directory.GetFiles(userFolder, mdFileName, SearchOption.AllDirectories);
if (filePaths.Count() == 0) {
throw new Exception("No Import document found for: " + mdFileName ) ;
}
foreach (string fil in filePaths)
{
Workbook wb = null;
try
{
wb = xl.Workbooks.Open(fil, 0, true, 5, "", "", false, XlPlatform.xlWindows, "\t", false, false, 0, false, true, false);
Worksheet ws = (Worksheet)xl.Sheets["Connections"];
r = 2; // First Row for Import
System.Data.DataTable dtEnvironment = new System.Data.DataTable();
dtEnvironment.Columns.Add("ConnectionName");
dtEnvironment.Columns.Add("DatabaseName");
dtEnvironment.Columns.Add("CreateInProject");
dtEnvironment.Columns.Add("RetainSameConnection");
dtEnvironment.Columns.Add("ConnectionString");
string ConnectionName = GetCellValue(ws,1,r);
while (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(ConnectionName)) {
dtEnvironment.Rows.Add(
GetCellValue(ws,1,r)
,GetCellValue(ws,2,r)
,GetCellValue(ws,3,r)
,GetCellValue(ws,4,r)
,GetCellValue(ws,5,r)
);
r++;
ConnectionName = GetCellValue(ws, 1,r);
}
if (dtEnvironment.Rows.Count == 0)
{
throw new Exception("No Connection Information found on Connections Worksheet");
}
#>
<Connections>
<# foreach(DataRow drEnvironment in dtEnvironment.Rows) { #>
<Connection Name="<#=drEnvironment["ConnectionName"]#>" ConnectionString="<#=drEnvironment["ConnectionString"]#>" CreateInProject="<#=drEnvironment["CreateInProject"]#> " RetainSameConnection="<#=drEnvironment["RetainSameConnection"]#>" >
<Annotations>
<Annotation Tag="DatabaseName"><#=drEnvironment["DatabaseName"]#></Annotation>
</Annotations>
</Connection>
<# } #>
</Connections>
<#
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new Exception(ex.ToString());
}
}
xl.Quit();
#>
</Biml>
<#+
public string GetCellValue(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet ws, int column, int row)
{
var value = ((Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range)ws.Cells[row,column]).Value ;
return value == null ? string.Empty : value.ToString().Trim();
}
#>
Lets start at the top. This section imports the required namespaces and assemblies. The first two are necessary to locate the spreadsheet file on disk, while lines 3 and 4 import the Interop assembly.
In order to reference the assembly, you’ll have to use the fully qualified name from the Global Assembly Cache (GAC). In order to find it, open the Developer Command Prompt for your version of Visual Studio. The easiest way to find the DCP is to press the Windows key and begin typing “Develop….” until the name of the tool pops up. After it opens, paste the following statement into the DCP and press Enter to find the Excel assembly information on your local machine:
Copy and paste that into the assembly name string on line 3 above.
Now let’s jump to the bottom and examine the GetCellValue method. GetCellValue pulls the value out of the cell designated by column and row, converts it to a string, and trims any leading or trailing spaces. It also returns an empty string if the cell is null.
<#+
public string GetCellValue(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet ws, int column, int row)
{
var value = ((Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range)ws.Cells[row,column]).Value ;
return value == null ? string.Empty : value.ToString().Trim();
}
#>
Next we’ll specify what metadata spreadsheet we are importing. I use the Environment variable to get my default folder path, “C:\Users\david”, and then build from there. This helps to abstract the link so the same code should work for multiple developers working on the same project. The variable “r” keeps track of which row in the spreadsheet we are reading.
<#
string userFolder = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.UserProfile);
userFolder = userFolder + @"\Dropbox\Blog\Biml\Import Metadata from Excel\";
string mdFileName = "Environment.xlsx";
int r; // Row Number
#>
This next section looks for the file and returns the entire file path including the name and extension. I realize that the SearchOption.AllDirectories isn’t really needed since I’m only searching for a single file, but I use this same pattern in other situations which import all of the metadata spreadsheets in a particular folder. I’ve also included a check that the file exists at that location.
<#
var xl = new Application();
string[] filePaths = Directory.GetFiles(userFolder, mdFileName, SearchOption.AllDirectories);
if (filePaths.Count() == 0) {
throw new Exception("No Import document found for: " + mdFileName ) ;
}
Next I loop through all of the files found in the previous step, in this case just one, and create a Workbook object.
foreach (string fil in filePaths)
{
Workbook wb = null;
Next we try to open the workbook and assign a Worksheet object to our sheet called “Connections.” Also, we set the first row to import to 2, as we want to skip the column headers.
Next we’ll create a new DataTable called dtEnvironment to store the imported metadata. Notice that the column names correspond to those in the spreadsheet.
System.Data.DataTable dtEnvironment = new System.Data.DataTable();
dtEnvironment.Columns.Add("ConnectionName");
dtEnvironment.Columns.Add("DatabaseName");
dtEnvironment.Columns.Add("CreateInProject");
dtEnvironment.Columns.Add("RetainSameConnection");
dtEnvironment.Columns.Add("ConnectionString");
Next we’ll store the ConnectionName value from the 1st column 2nd row to a variable of the same name. The while loop which follows adds the values for the specified row (r) of the spreadsheet to the DataTable defined above. After each loop, the row number is incremented. This causes the process to move down the spreadsheet until the first blank row is found, which stops the import process.
The next section checks to make sure that at least one connection was imported.
if (dtEnvironment.Rows.Count == 0)
{
throw new Exception("No Connection Information found on Connections Worksheet");
}
#>
Now that we’ve completely loaded the DataTable, we loop through it to create our Connections. I’ve taken an additional step of adding the DatabaseName as an annotation for each connection. This simplifies BimlScript writing in future steps.
Notice that this process is dynamic based on external metadata. When someone adds another connection to the spreadsheet, it will be added to our Biml project automatically on your next build. In the next article, we’ll adapt this method to read SQL queries from a spreadsheet and automagically create an export package for each.
This post is part of a series, Short Cuts to Biml Mastery which shows you how to learn BimlScript through a series of short cuts and remain productive while doing so.
Mad Libs?
Per Wikipedia, “Mad Libs is a phrasal template word game where one player prompts others for a list of words to substitute for blanks in a story, before reading the – often comical or nonsensical – story aloud. The game is frequently played as a party game or as a pastime.” I remember playing these games as a kid. Big Bang Theory even incorporated Mad Libs into one of their episodes.
Since each of these words in the list is saved, and then inserted into another string, it makes a good programming exercise. In fact, I remember doing this exercise in middle school back when acid washed jeans were in style. This was in the early days when most people hadn’t even used computers, much less own one, though I was lucky enough to have one at home. The school was fortunate enough to have a room of about 20 Apple IIe computers. Our math teacher was pretty progressive and let us spend an hour writing our own Mad Lib program in BASIC. The program would pop up questions to the user, save the input in variables, and then insert them into a bland, innocent paragraph of text. Well, being a class clown, I amused my classmates by inserting inappropriate terms into my program during testing. It got some cheap laughs, and then I got detention. Oh well.
BimlScript Mad Libs?
Well, if you’ve been following along with this series, you know that we are creating a basic BimlScript framework that exports delimited flat files. In two previous articles, I demonstrated how to create this Biml using Excel and T-SQL. To refresh your memory, this is the Biml that we need to generate:
The above Biml code is analogous to a Mad Lib “story.” First, create a Biml file from the above code. Second, determine which “questions” must be asked to automate our “story.” The first attribute we’ll need is the Feed Name, in this case it is “Orders”. The second question is what query is used for that feed. Add these variables to the top of your Biml.
Now you are going to perform two Find and Replace (CTRL-H) operations on the Biml Code above for lines 3 through 22. Since the Flat File Format Columns section is more complicated, we’ll handle that in a bit. Notice that we are replacing the hard coded values with BimlScript text nuggets. The <#= > nugget simply displays the variable value as a string.
Find
Replace
Orders
<#=feedName#>
SELECT * FROM dbo.Orders
<#=qry#>
Here are the results of our Find/Replace. Again, be careful not to perform the replace any of the column metadata.
Notice how similar they are? GetQuerySchema returns the Column Name, Data Type, and Length. We’re only responsible for the Delimiter attribute. We’ll have to loop through the columns of the Flat File Format. Let’s add a simple foreach loop and include a row of the hard coded column metadata that we need to generate.
Next go through the Mad Libs Find/Replace process again with the following attributes:
Find
Replace
OrderID
<#=column.Name#>
Int32
<#=column.DataType#>
"0"
"<#=column.Length#>"
Now we only have to handle the Delimiter. Remember that the value for this is Comma for every column except the last which is CRLF. There are a couple of ways to handle this in C#.
So, now we’re using real BimlScript, but this still isn’t automated. To generate new feeds, we’d need to copy and paste the Biml file and change the variable values at the top. In order to fully automate this process we’d need an external metadata source that contains a list of Feed Names and Source Queries. In the next article, I’ll demonstrate how to import Biml metadata directly from an Excel spreadsheet, loop through each feed’s metadata, and generate a separate package for each.
This post is part of a series, Short Cuts to Biml Mastery which shows you how to learn BimlScript through a series of short cuts and remain productive while doing so.
The GetQuerySchema method provides an excellent way to import metadata from a query, in a similar way as GetDatabaseSchema imports schemas, tables, and views. GetQuerySchema was introduced last year with the 2018 editions of BimlStudio and BimlExpress.
Parameters
GetQuerySchema requires the following parameters:
Parameter Name
Description
connection
All major connection types supported including: OLE DB, ODBC, ADO.NET, Oracle, Teradata, and Parallel Data Warehouse.
commandText
Query for metadata import. See examples below.
parameters
Provides the capability to map a named parameter onto a SSIS package variable value.
I've always passed in null because the format is complicated so I include query parameters with commandText.
timeOut
How many seconds to wait before canceling the query. Zero means wait forever.
Examples
As with all of the articles in this series, the following code runs against the Northwind sample database.
<#
var srcConn = SchemaManager.CreateConnectionNode("connNorthwind", @"Provider=SQLNCLI11;data source=localhost;integrated security=SSPI;initial catalog=Northwind;");
var qry = "SELECT * FROM dbo.Orders";
var importResult = ExternalDataAccess.GetQuerySchema(srcConn, qry,null,0);
#>
<#=importResult.GetBiml()#>
Complicated Select queries with joins, where clause, etc.
Views
Table Valued Functions (TBF)
Stored Procedures
// View
var qry = "SELECT OrderID, OrderDate, CustomerName, ExtendedPrice FROM dbo.Invoices;";
// TBF (Added to Northwind by Me)
var qry = "SELECT EmployeeID, ShippedDate, OrderID, SaleAmount FROM dbo.tbf_EmployeeSales(4)";
// Stored Procedure - Notice the parameter included with commandText.
var qry = "EXECUTE [dbo].[CustOrdersDetail] @OrderID = 11077";
var qry = "EXECUTE [dbo].[CustOrdersDetail] 11077";
// Complicated query with Join and Where clause
var qry = "SELECT OD.OrderID, OD.ProductID, (CONVERT(MONEY, (OD.UnitPrice * Quantity *(1-Discount)/ 100))* 100) AS ExtendedPrice FROM dbo.Products P JOIN dbo.[Order Details] OD ON P.ProductID=OD.ProductID WHERE P.Discontinued=0;";
Limitations
There are a few minor limitations:
No table or schema names are imported for obvious reasons.
Some column metadata attributes like nullability or computed aren’t returned.
Doesn’t return whether a column is part of a primary or unique key.
Next Steps
This post explains the usage of GetQuerySchema for importing query metadata into Biml. It’s very easy to use and works with almost any type of query. In the next article, we’ll learn how to insert C# code nuggets into existing Biml code.
This post is part of a series, Short Cuts to Biml Mastery which shows you how to learn BimlScript through a series of short cuts and remain productive while doing so. In the previous article, I showed you how to use Excel generate Biml. In this article, we’ll generate the entire Biml Script for an export package using only T-SQL. To refresh your memory, this is the Biml from a previous article that we need to automate:
We are also starting with the T-SQL script used last time. However, I’m adding a temp table to make code manipulation easier in later steps. I’m also adding a variable for Feed Name which we’ll need as well. I’ve highlighted the changes below.
USE Northwind
GO
DECLARE @SrcQuery NVARCHAR(4000), @FeedName NVARCHAR(25);
SELECT @SrcQuery = 'SELECT * FROM dbo.Orders', @FeedName = 'Orders';
IF object_id('tempdb..#FileFormatMetadata') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #FileFormatMetadata;
SELECT
t.[Column Name]
,t.[SQL DT]
,CASE
WHEN t.[SQL DT] in ('char', 'varchar','text') THEN (t.max_length)
WHEN t.[SQL DT] in ('nchar', 'nvarchar','ntext') THEN (t.max_length/2)
ELSE 0 END [Length]
INTO #FileFormatMetadata
FROM (SELECT name [Column Name]
,CASE WHEN charindex('(',system_type_name) = 0 THEN system_type_name
ELSE left(system_type_name, charindex('(',system_type_name) - 1)
END [SQL DT]
,max_length
FROM sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set(@SrcQuery, NULL, 1) where [name] is not NULL and is_hidden = 0) t
SELECT * FROM #FileFormatMetadata;
If you’ll recall from our Excel adventure, there are two more primary attributes we need to derive, Delimiter and Biml Data Type. In order to determine the Delimiter value, we need to know which column is last in the feed. That’s not difficult because “column_ordinal” is included in sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set output. The Biml Data Type was derived via a lookup table in the spreadsheet. In this example, we’ll use a Case When statement instead. The new query and output are below.
IF object_id('tempdb..#FileFormatMetadata') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #FileFormatMetadata;
SELECT
t.[Column Name]
,t.[SQL DT]
,CASE
WHEN t.[SQL DT] in ('char', 'varchar','text') THEN (t.max_length)
WHEN t.[SQL DT] in ('nchar', 'nvarchar','ntext') THEN (t.max_length/2)
ELSE 0 END [Length]
,CASE
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'smallint' THEN 'Int16'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'tinyint' THEN 'Byte'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'int' THEN 'Int32'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'bigint' THEN 'Int64'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'char' THEN 'AnsiStringFixedLength'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'varchar' THEN 'AnsiString'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'nchar' THEN 'StringFixedLength'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'nvarchar' THEN 'String'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'date' THEN 'Date'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'datetime' THEN 'DateTime'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'datetime2' THEN 'DateTime2'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'datetimeoffset' THEN 'DateTimeOffset'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'smalldatetime' THEN 'DateTime'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'time' THEN 'Time'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'decimal' THEN 'Decimal'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'numeric' THEN 'Decimal'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'bit' THEN 'Boolean'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'float' THEN 'Double'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'real' THEN 'Single'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'money' THEN 'Currency'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'smallmoney' THEN 'Currency'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'text' THEN 'AnsiString'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'ntext' THEN 'String'
ELSE NULL END [Biml Data Type]
,t.ColumnOrdinal
INTO #FileFormatMetadata
FROM (SELECT name [Column Name]
,CASE WHEN charindex('(',system_type_name) = 0 THEN system_type_name
ELSE left(system_type_name, charindex('(',system_type_name) - 1)
END [SQL DT]
,max_length
,column_ordinal ColumnOrdinal
FROM sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set(@SrcQuery, NULL, 1) where [name] is not NULL and is_hidden = 0) t
SELECT * FROM #FileFormatMetadata;
Column Name
SQL DT
Length
Biml Data Type
ColumnOrdinal
OrderID
int
0
Int32
1
CustomerID
nchar
5
StringFixedLength
2
EmployeeID
int
0
Int32
3
OrderDate
datetime
0
DateTime
4
RequiredDate
datetime
0
DateTime
5
ShippedDate
datetime
0
DateTime
6
ShipVia
int
0
Int32
7
Freight
money
0
Currency
8
ShipName
nvarchar
40
String
9
ShipAddress
nvarchar
60
String
10
ShipCity
nvarchar
15
String
11
ShipRegion
nvarchar
15
String
12
ShipPostalCode
nvarchar
10
String
13
ShipCountry
nvarchar
15
String
14
Remember that Biml is simply XML, and the FOR XML Clause is a clean way to generate it. So, let’s start with the Connections node, which is simple because the only variable needed is @FeedName. Our query only returns a single record which is element FlatFileConnection, who’s parent (root) is Connections.
SELECT 'conn_ff_' + @FeedName "@Name"
,'C:\FileExport\' + @FeedName + '.csv' "@FilePath"
,'fff_' + @FeedName "@FileFormat"
FOR XML PATH('FlatFileConnection'), type, root('Connections')
The Packages code is slightly more complex than Connections, as it involves several levels in the XML tree. This first query simply returns the attributes at the Package level:
SELECT 'Export ' + @FeedName "@Name"
,'Linear' "@ConstraintMode"
,'DontSaveSensitive' "@ProtectionLevel"
FOR XML PATH('Package'), TYPE,ROOT('Packages')
Inside the package element we have to generate the Tasks and Transformations. The root of this query is Tasks. Notice the aliases on the element names reflect their tree levels because Tasks include one or more Transformations. The base query for the Tasks is:
I could have avoided the lengthy element aliases by creating more sub-queries, but those get more difficult to read as well. Since Tasks are a sub-element of each Package, their query becomes a sub-query of Packages like this:
Now let’s tackle the most difficult section of our code, the File Format and its columns. This time, let’s start with our lowest level, columns. Notice how I derive the Delimiter from the ColumnOrdinal column:
SELECT [Column Name] "@Name"
,[Biml Data Type] "@DataType"
,Length "@Length"
,CASE WHEN ColumnOrdinal = (SELECT MAX(ColumnOrdinal) FROM #FileFormatMetadata) THEN 'CRLF'
ELSE 'Comma' END "@Delimiter"
from #FileFormatMetadata
FOR XML PATH('Column'), type, root('Columns')
The File Format is easy. However, I couldn’t find a way to generate XML with T-SQL and keep the TextQualifier " value so I substituted the hex value for double quotes instead.
SELECT 'fff_' + @FeedName "@Name"
, 'Delimited' "@FlatFileType"
,'true' "@ColumnNamesInFirstDataRow"
,'_x0022_' "@TextQualifier"
FOR XML PATH('FlatFileFormat'), type, root('FileFormats')
And of course Columns needs to be nested inside of FlatFileFormat, so we use a subquery:
SELECT 'fff_' + @FeedName "@Name"
, 'Delimited' "@FlatFileType"
,'true' "@ColumnNamesInFirstDataRow"
,'_x0022_' "@TextQualifier"
,(SELECT [Column Name] "@Name"
,[Biml Data Type] "@DataType"
,Length "@Length"
,CASE WHEN ColumnOrdinal = (SELECT MAX(ColumnOrdinal) FROM #FileFormatMetadata) THEN 'CRLF'
ELSE 'Comma' END "@Delimiter"
from #FileFormatMetadata
FOR XML PATH('Column'), type, root('Columns'))
FOR XML PATH('FlatFileFormat'), type, root('FileFormats')
So now we have three separate pieces of XML code Connections, Packages, and FileFormats. To combine them, we make each section a sub-query of our root element, which is Biml.
SELECT
(SELECT 'conn_ff_' + @FeedName "@Name"
,'C:\FileExport\' + @FeedName + '.csv' "@FilePath"
,'fff_' + @FeedName "@FileFormat"
FOR XML PATH('FlatFileConnection'), type, root('Connections'))
,(SELECT 'Export ' + @FeedName "@Name"
, 'Linear' "@ConstraintMode"
,'DontSaveSensitive' "@ProtectionLevel"
,(SELECT
'DFT Load File' "@Name"
,'OLE_SRC ' + @FeedName "Transformations/OleDbSource/@Name"
,'connNorthwind' "Transformations/OleDbSource/@ConnectionName"
,@SrcQuery "Transformations/OleDbSource/DirectInput"
,'FF_DEST ' + @FeedName "Transformations/FlatFileDestination/@Name"
,'conn_ff_ ' + @FeedName "Transformations/FlatFileDestination/@ConnectionName"
,'true' "Transformations/FlatFileDestination/@Overwrite"
,'false' "Transformations/FlatFileDestination/@ValidateExternalMetadata"
FOR XML PATH('Dataflow'),TYPE, root('Tasks'))
FOR XML PATH('Package'), TYPE,ROOT('Packages'))
,(SELECT 'fff_' + @FeedName "@Name"
, 'Delimited' "@FlatFileType"
,'true' "@ColumnNamesInFirstDataRow"
,'_x0022_' "@TextQualifier"
,(SELECT [Column Name] "@Name"
,[Biml Data Type] "@DataType"
,Length "@Length"
,CASE WHEN ColumnOrdinal = (SELECT MAX(ColumnOrdinal) FROM #FileFormatMetadata) THEN 'CRLF'
ELSE 'Comma' END "@Delimiter"
from #FileFormatMetadata
FOR XML PATH('Column'), type, root('Columns'))
FOR XML PATH('FlatFileFormat'), type, root('FileFormats'))
FOR XML PATH ('Biml')
And this creates what we need except for one little thing. Notice that the opening line is missing the Biml namespace?
T-SQL natively supports namespaces by using the WITH XMLNAMESPACES clause, but there is a problem with that. If we use that method, the Biml namespace will be repeated for each sub-query, which is technically correct but really ugly.
According to Microsoft, the code is functioning as designed and they have no plans to fix it. I’ve explored several ways to “hack” this, and the simplest is to take our query result, cast it as NVARCHAR, perform a replace, and then cast it back into a XML data type. So, our final query looks like this:
USE Northwind
GO
DECLARE @SrcQuery NVARCHAR(4000)
,@FeedName NVARCHAR(25)
;
SELECT @SrcQuery = 'SELECT * FROM dbo.Orders', @FeedName = 'Orders';
--SET @SrcQuery = 'SELECT * FROM dbo.Customers';
--EXECUTE sp_executesql @SrcQuery;
IF object_id('tempdb..#FileFormatMetadata') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #FileFormatMetadata;
SELECT
t.[Column Name]
,t.[SQL DT]
,CASE
WHEN t.[SQL DT] in ('char', 'varchar','text') THEN (t.max_length)
WHEN t.[SQL DT] in ('nchar', 'nvarchar','ntext') THEN (t.max_length/2)
ELSE 0 END [Length]
,CASE
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'smallint' THEN 'Int16'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'tinyint' THEN 'Byte'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'int' THEN 'Int32'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'bigint' THEN 'Int64'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'char' THEN 'AnsiStringFixedLength'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'varchar' THEN 'AnsiString'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'nchar' THEN 'StringFixedLength'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'nvarchar' THEN 'String'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'date' THEN 'Date'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'datetime' THEN 'DateTime'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'datetime2' THEN 'DateTime2'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'datetimeoffset' THEN 'DateTimeOffset'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'smalldatetime' THEN 'DateTime'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'time' THEN 'Time'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'decimal' THEN 'Decimal'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'numeric' THEN 'Decimal'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'bit' THEN 'Boolean'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'float' THEN 'Double'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'real' THEN 'Single'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'money' THEN 'Currency'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'smallmoney' THEN 'Currency'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'text' THEN 'AnsiString'
WHEN t.[SQL DT] = 'ntext' THEN 'String'
ELSE NULL END [Biml Data Type]
,t.ColumnOrdinal
,@FeedName FeedName
INTO #FileFormatMetadata
FROM (SELECT name [Column Name]
,CASE WHEN charindex('(',system_type_name) = 0 THEN system_type_name
ELSE left(system_type_name, charindex('(',system_type_name) - 1)
END [SQL DT]
,max_length
,column_ordinal ColumnOrdinal
FROM sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set(@SrcQuery, NULL, 1) where [name] is not NULL and is_hidden = 0) t
SELECT CAST(REPLACE(CAST( (
SELECT
(SELECT 'conn_ff_' + @FeedName "@Name"
,'C:\FileExport\' + @FeedName + '.csv' "@FilePath"
,'fff_' + @FeedName "@FileFormat"
FOR XML PATH('FlatFileConnection'), type, root('Connections'))
,(SELECT 'Export ' + @FeedName "@Name"
, 'Linear' "@ConstraintMode"
,'DontSaveSensitive' "@ProtectionLevel"
,(SELECT
'DFT Load File' "@Name"
,'OLE_SRC ' + @FeedName "Transformations/OleDbSource/@Name"
,'connNorthwind' "Transformations/OleDbSource/@ConnectionName"
,@SrcQuery "Transformations/OleDbSource/DirectInput"
,'FF_DEST ' + @FeedName "Transformations/FlatFileDestination/@Name"
,'conn_ff_ ' + @FeedName "Transformations/FlatFileDestination/@ConnectionName"
,'true' "Transformations/FlatFileDestination/@Overwrite"
,'false' "Transformations/FlatFileDestination/@ValidateExternalMetadata"
FOR XML PATH('Dataflow'),TYPE, root('Tasks'))
FOR XML PATH('Package'), TYPE,ROOT('Packages'))
,(SELECT 'fff_' + @FeedName "@Name"
, 'Delimited' "@FlatFileType"
,'true' "@ColumnNamesInFirstDataRow"
,'_x0022_' "@TextQualifier"
,(SELECT [Column Name] "@Name"
,[Biml Data Type] "@DataType"
,Length "@Length"
,CASE WHEN ColumnOrdinal = (SELECT MAX(ColumnOrdinal) FROM #FileFormatMetadata) THEN 'CRLF'
ELSE 'Comma' END "@Delimiter"
from #FileFormatMetadata
FOR XML PATH('Column'), type, root('Columns'))
FOR XML PATH('FlatFileFormat'), type, root('FileFormats'))
FOR XML PATH ('Biml')
) AS NVARCHAR(MAX)), '<Biml>', '<Biml xmlns="http://schemas.varigence.com/biml.xsd">') AS XML)
This post is part of a series, Short Cuts to Biml Mastery which shows you how to learn BimlScript through a series of short cuts and remain productive while doing so. In the previous article, I showed you how to simplify Biml code that was imported using BimlExpress or BimlStudio. All of the code used in this post can be downloaded here.
In this article, we’ll use Excel to dynamically generate the Biml code. First a disclaimer, I am not an Excel expert, I just know enough to be dangerous. This workbook will accomplish what we want, but is probably not the most elegant way to do it. To refresh your memory, this is the Biml from the previous article that we need to automate:
We need a way to way to derive the metadata from a SQL query. SQL Server 2012 included some handy new metadata discovery features, and we’re going to use sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set. The primary attributes we need to derive are column name, SQL data type, and length. So, we’ll start with the following query and result set:
USE Northwind
GO
DECLARE @SrcQuery NVARCHAR(4000);
SET @SrcQuery = 'SELECT * FROM dbo.Orders';
SELECT name [Column Name]
,system_type_name
,max_length
FROM sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set(@SrcQuery, NULL, 1)
WHERE [name] is not NULL and is_hidden = 0
Column Name
system_type_name
max_length
OrderID
int
4
CustomerID
nchar(5)
10
EmployeeID
int
4
OrderDate
datetime
8
RequiredDate
datetime
8
ShippedDate
datetime
8
ShipVia
int
4
Freight
money
8
ShipName
nvarchar(40)
80
ShipAddress
nvarchar(60)
120
ShipCity
nvarchar(15)
30
ShipRegion
nvarchar(15)
30
ShipPostalCode
nvarchar(10)
20
ShipCountry
nvarchar(15)
30
The next thing we need to do is to derive the base SQL data type from system_type_name. In other words, we need to strip off any length, precision, or scale values from it. We could do this in Excel, but I prefer to do it in T-SQL.
DECLARE @SrcQuery NVARCHAR(4000);
SET @SrcQuery = 'SELECT * FROM dbo.Orders';
SELECT name [Column Name]
,CASE WHEN charindex('(',system_type_name) = 0 THEN system_type_name
ELSE left(system_type_name, charindex('(',system_type_name) - 1)
END [SQL DT]
,max_length
FROM sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set(@SrcQuery, NULL, 1) where [name] is not NULL and is_hidden = 0
Column Name
SQL DT
max_length
OrderID
int
4
CustomerID
nchar
10
EmployeeID
int
4
OrderDate
datetime
8
RequiredDate
datetime
8
ShippedDate
datetime
8
ShipVia
int
4
Freight
money
8
ShipName
nvarchar
80
ShipAddress
nvarchar
120
ShipCity
nvarchar
30
ShipRegion
nvarchar
30
ShipPostalCode
nvarchar
20
ShipCountry
nvarchar
30
Finally, we need to convert max_length to an appropriate value for Biml Length. The Biml length for Unicode strings must be half the max_length, ANSI strings like char or varchar use max_length, and other data types will be set to 0. To make this easier, I’ll wrap the above code into a subquery like this:
DECLARE @SrcQuery NVARCHAR(4000);
SET @SrcQuery = 'SELECT * FROM dbo.Orders';
SELECT
t.[Column Name]
,t.[SQL DT]
,CASE
WHEN t.[SQL DT] in ('char', 'varchar','text') THEN (t.max_length)
WHEN t.[SQL DT] in ('nchar', 'nvarchar','ntext') THEN (t.max_length/2)
ELSE 0 END [Length]
FROM (SELECT name [Column Name]
,CASE WHEN charindex('(',system_type_name) = 0 THEN system_type_name
ELSE left(system_type_name, charindex('(',system_type_name) - 1)
END [SQL DT]
,max_length
FROM sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set(@SrcQuery, NULL, 1) where [name] is not NULL and is_hidden = 0) t
Column Name
SQL DT
Length
OrderID
int
0
CustomerID
nchar
5
EmployeeID
int
0
OrderDate
datetime
0
RequiredDate
datetime
0
ShippedDate
datetime
0
ShipVia
int
0
Freight
money
0
ShipName
nvarchar
40
ShipAddress
nvarchar
60
ShipCity
nvarchar
15
ShipRegion
nvarchar
15
ShipPostalCode
nvarchar
10
ShipCountry
nvarchar
15
The rest of our work will be in Excel, so please download the solution files so you can follow along. Open Delimited Feed Metadata Generator.xlsx and you’ll find two sheets included. The first contains a conversion table of SQL Server, Biml, and SSIS data types. Cathrine Wilhelmsen has a comprehensive blog article about data type conversion. Below are the contents of my Excel lookup table.
SQL Server
Biml
SSIS
tinyint
Byte
DT_UI1
smallint
Int16
DT_I2
int
Int32
DT_I4
bigint
Int64
DT_I8
char
AnsiStringFixedLength
DT_STR
varchar
AnsiString
DT_STR
nchar
StringFixedLength
DT_WSTR
nvarchar
String
DT_WSTR
date
Date
DT_DBDATE
datetime
DateTime
DT_DBTIMESTAMP
datetime2
DateTime2
DT_DBTIMESTAMP2
datetimeoffset
DateTimeOffset
DT_DBTIMESTAMPOFFSET
smalldatetime
DateTime
DT_DBTIMESTAMP
time
Time
DT_DBTIME2
decimal
Decimal
DT_NUMERIC
numeric
Decimal
DT_NUMERIC
bit
Boolean
DT_BOOL
float
Double
DT_R8
real
Single
DT_R4
money
Currency
DT_CY
smallmoney
Currency
DT_CY
text
AnsiString
DT_TEXT
ntext
String
DT_NTEXT
timestamp
Binary
DT_BYTES
uniqueidentifier
Guid
DT_GUID
varbinary
Binary
DT_BYTES
xml
Xml
DT_NTEXT
geography
Object
DT_IMAGE
geometry
Object
DT_IMAGE
hierarchyid
Object
DT_BYTES
image
Binary
DT_IMAGE
rowversion
Binary
DT_BYTES
sql_variant
Object
DT_WSTR
The second sheet is the template that we’ll use to create our feed Biml itself. Use the following steps to create your first export:
Make a copy of the FF Export Template and rename the sheet tab to “Orders”. Notice the Feed Name in cell B1 defaults to the tab name.
Enter the source query we’ve been using (SELECT * FROM dbo.Orders) into the shaded blue cell B2. Notice that the Biml in column G begins to generate.
Execute the latest metadata query against Northwind in SQL Server Management Studio.
Copy and paste the results into the blue shaded area starting on row 5.
Notice that the remaining Biml code for the Export Orders package is expanded for you in column G.
Open the included Visual Studio SSIS project and create a new Biml file. You can do so through the BimlExpress menu or Right Click on the project name in the Solution Explorer and select “Add New Biml File.”
Copy and paste the contents of column G into the new Biml file. Multi-select the new Biml file and Environment.Biml in the Solution Explorer, right click, and select Generate SSIS Packages. Your new package should generate and function correctly.
This is the generated Biml from the spreadsheet. Note that it looks identical to the Biml from the previous article.
This is simple, right? More importantly, it’s very quick to create an endless number of export feeds by repeating the steps above.
Now let’s explore some of the Excel code which generates the Biml. The first calculated column (D) converts the base SQL data type to Biml using a standard VLookup. Since file exports have a variable number of columns, any blank spreadsheet row returns nothing.
=IF(B5 <> "",VLOOKUP(B5,BimlDT,2,FALSE),"")
The next column determines whether a Comma or CRLF delimiter is appropriate. Basically, the code checks to see if a Biml Data Type has been calculated on it’s row and at the cell beneath it. This is a simple way to determine if the feed column is the last in the feed.
=IF(D5 <> "", IF(E6 <> "", "Comma","CRLF"),"")
The actual column Biml creation begins in F24. The reason for this is that the “final” Biml in column G has to specify the Connection and Package code before we can tackle the FlatFileFormat details. So, row 24 generates from the column metadata in column 5. Remember that the column code ends up looking like this:
Notice that I’m actually indenting final code because I use this spreadsheet in my presentations as well and want it to look nice. This, coupled with the conditional display logic, makes the code a bit more difficult to follow. Since “scripting Biml” is meant to be a temporary short cut on your way to Biml mastery, feel free to skip the aesthetic aspects and just generate Biml code. Also, the double quote character is reserved in the Excel formula language and must be escaped with more quotes or by using CHAR(34). With that in mind, this is what the column generation code looks like.
Now let’s look at column G. Basically, the reason that this column exists, is to prettify the generated Biml and make it easier to use. This sheet currently supports fixed width feeds of up to 100 columns, but most feeds don’t require that many. Instead of having a large set of blank cells between the last column line and </Columns>, this code detects the last feed column required and then adds the final four statements. Again, you may want to skip this level of detail when creating your own Excel shortcuts to make things easier. The important code begins in cell G24. Through a series of IF statements it looks at column F to determine when the Biml column metadata is finished and then applies the correct closing snippets in the next four rows.
If desired, we could continue refining this process until it’s almost entirely automated. For example, we could create a Tab containing connection information including the connection string. Add a Source Connection value in B3, and use Visual Basic for Applications to execute the metadata query above against the source and automatically populate column metadata in columns A, B, and C. This VBA macro could be tied to a button for ease of use. You could even automate the creation of the individual Biml files on disk as well. How far you want to go with this is up to you.
Feel free to create addition flat file exports from the Northwind database by following the steps above. In the next article, we’ll refine the metadata query above and generate the entire Biml script using only T-SQL.
It might surprise some of you that my lovely wife Melissa is an ETL developer as well, and she’ll be giving her first presentation at SQL Saturday Dallas.
My Better Half
She will be giving the following presentation, while I act as her lovely assistant.
The True Story of Learning Biml
How do you learn Biml when you don’t have years of SQL experience? Is Biml even worth my time and energy when I’m still working on perfecting my SSIS skills? It seems like a lot of work, what is in it for me? In this session you will learn:
Why Biml is worth your time and effort.
How to identify ideal SSIS packages for conversion.
How to convert those packages into Biml.
How to troubleshoot your Biml build errors when Google fails you.
How to automate SSIS package creation with BimlScript.
I can’t let her have all the fun, so I’m presenting an updated version of the following:
Azure Data Factory V2 and SSIS Automation With Biml
SSIS was originally designed to work in a world where all data was structured and on premise. As modern enterprise data projects increasingly move online, tools like Azure Data Factory (ADF) can extend SSIS capabilities to the cloud. Azure Data Factory is a flexible and powerful cloud based ETL service, but it doesn’t replace the functionality of SSIS. In this session you will learn:
The advantages and disadvantages of both ETL platforms.
How to use both in tandem to maximize productivity.
How both ETL platforms, as well as any supporting structures, can be be automatically generated with Biml Script.
All of the code used in this presentation can be downloaded by attendees, customized, and used in their production environments.
Anyway, it’ll be a great time, and I can’t wait to see some of you there!
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